TransitLM: Dataset Release & Evaluation Protocol

Dataset Description

TransitLM is a dataset for public transit route planning in Chinese urban environments, designed to support training and evaluation of language models that generate structured transit routes from origin-destination information. The full dataset covers four cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Chengdu, and includes coordinates, station sequences, transfer structure, line information, and route annotations.

Released Files

File Pattern	Content	Section
transit-lm-benchmark*-train.csv	Anonymized SFT training splits (benchmark-aligned)	§2
transit-lm-benchmark*-test.csv	Anonymized SFT test splits for task evaluation	§2
transit-lm-general-benchmark*-test.csv	Real-world benchmark test sets (real station names + coordinates)	§1
transit-lm-station-info.csv	Static station-level reference information	—
transit-lm-station-ids.json	Station ID list covering the released transit network	—
transit-lm-cpt-corpus/transit-lm-cpt-corpus-part*.csv	CPT corpus shards with unified three-digit sequential filenames (e.g. part001)	§2

All released data follows the anonymization principles described in our paper. The sections below explain the data treatment and evaluation protocol for each component.

File Format Examples

1. Anonymized SFT train/test (transit-lm-benchmark*-train.csv, transit-lm-benchmark*-test.csv)

Columns: task_id, req_type, adcode, indexid, system_prompt, sft_prompt, sft_label

Example:

task_id,req_type,adcode,indexid,system_prompt,sft_prompt,sft_label
benchmark1-train,0,310110,a02385072c754b19067c70af8bb62de1,"你是公共交通路线规划专家，熟悉公共交通网络。...","{""query"":""我需要从上海北外滩亚朵酒店到上海市公安局治安总队一大队，请告诉我乘车方案"",""start"":""121.515027,31.260541"",""end"":""121.490488,31.209797"",""city"":""上海""}","{""line_sequence"":[""地铁4号线内圈(宜山路--宜山路)""],""station_sequence"":[""bus-1669599"",""bus-1670350"",""bus-1670805""],""total_distance"":""10.7公里"",""total_time"":""44分钟"",""total_fare"":""4"",""start_transfer_mode"":""步行"",""end_transfer_mode"":""步行"",""start_transfer_distance"":""523米"",""end_transfer_distance"":""1.1公里""}"

2. Real-world benchmark (transit-lm-general-benchmark*-test.csv)

Columns: task_id, req_type, adcode, indexid, system_prompt, sft_prompt, sft_label

Example:

task_id,req_type,adcode,indexid,system_prompt,sft_prompt,sft_label
general_benchmark1-test,0,440307,04258df410d3ec5d53e64de9f49b26be,"你是公共交通路线规划专家，熟悉公共交通网络。...","{""query"":""我在佳兆业君汇公馆，想去石芽岭(地铁站)，怎么坐车？"",""start"":""114.130533,22.692349"",""end"":""114.137989,22.628479"",""city"":""深圳""}","{""line_sequence"":[""977路(启英学校--田贝总站)""],""station_sequence"":[""平湖派出所"",""平湖中心小学"",""富伟厂""],""total_distance"":""10.3公里"",""total_time"":""46分钟"",""total_fare"":""2"",""start_transfer_mode"":""步行"",""end_transfer_mode"":""步行"",""start_transfer_distance"":""185米"",""end_transfer_distance"":""77米""}"

3. Station reference (transit-lm-station-info.csv)

Columns: stop_id, ad_code, coord_x, coord_y, next_hop_stations

Example:

stop_id,ad_code,coord_x,coord_y,next_hop_stations
bus-1000071,110117,117.090101,40.130034,"[""bus-1000202"", ""bus-1000089"", ""bus-1000087"", ""bus-1000071""]"

4. Station ID list (transit-lm-station-ids.json)

Example:

[
  "bus-1000071",
  "bus-1000074",
  "bus-1000082"
]

5. CPT corpus shard (transit-lm-cpt-corpus/transit-lm-cpt-corpus-part*.csv)

Columns: id, content, pt

The pt field is used only as a partition marker inherited from the original sharding pipeline. It carries no semantic meaning for modeling or evaluation.

Example:

id,content,pt
session_65703461_0,"路线规划。规划城市：北京，起点坐标：116.402471,39.933658，终点坐标：116.068893,39.648444。有以下几种方案：方案1（纯打车）... 方案2（公交+地铁）... 经过bus-900579，bus-898547，...，bus-857245",p01

Overview. We release two parallel test sets that correspond one-to-one, serving different model categories:

• Anonymized SFT test set (30K samples). For models trained on our anonymized corpus. These models have only seen numeric station IDs and perturbed coordinates, so they must be evaluated in the same representation space.
• Real-world benchmark (30K samples). For general-purpose LLMs not trained on our data. These models operate with real station names and coordinates and cannot interpret anonymized IDs, so they require unperturbed evaluation data.

This parallel design ensures fair evaluation for both model types while keeping results directly comparable.

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1. Benchmark Test Samples

30,000 test examples across three tasks: optimal route generation, preference-aware planning, and multi-route generation.

Data characteristics:

• Real GPS coordinates without perturbation
• Real station names in natural language
• Full route-structural metadata: station sequences, line sequences, transfer points, distances, travel times, and fares

Purpose. This subset is the ground-truth evaluation benchmark for the research community. The CPT/SFT training corpus applies coordinate perturbation, so evaluating general-purpose LLMs on perturbed data would not reflect real-world performance. Unperturbed samples enable fair comparison across models trained on our corpus, tool-augmented LLMs, and any future transit-domain model.

Privacy. These samples contain no user identifiers, no timestamps, and no cross-record linkage. Each is an isolated OD request. All station coordinates and names are already publicly accessible through mapping APIs, so releasing them in benchmark format introduces no additional privacy risk.

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2. CPT + SFT Corpus (Anonymized)

13.9M CPT records, 90K SFT training examples, and 30K SFT test examples.

Anonymization

Transformation	Method	Training Impact
Coordinate perturbation	Deterministic hash-based offset, ±100m on a ~500m grid	Negligible. Grid-coherent offset preserves spatial structure. Error < 0.1% of mean route length
Station name removal	Names removed from station sequences, retaining only numeric IDs	None. Topological learning relies on IDs and connectivity

Rationale. Bulk harvesting coordinate-ID mappings from a 13.9M-record corpus could enable unauthorized commercial use. OD coordinates reflect real user trip intentions. Perturbation combined with structural safeguards prevents re-identification.

SFT Test Set

The 30K SFT test samples undergo identical anonymization. See the Overview above for how they relate to the real-world benchmark and which model category uses which test set.

Usability

Despite anonymization, this corpus fully supports continual pre-training for transit topology and spatial reasoning, supervised fine-tuning for all three benchmark tasks, and reproducibility of all paper results.

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3. Privacy Architecture

Unlike GPS trajectory datasets such as T-Drive or GeoLife that record continuous multi-day traces enabling re-identification, each record here is an isolated OD planning request with no temporal continuity.

Structural safeguards enforced at the data construction stage:

• Single calendar day sampling with no timestamps retained
• User identifiers removed prior to construction, with no linkage key across records
• Only route-structural metadata released. No demographic attributes, device fingerprints, or PII

These properties make it infeasible to associate records with the same individual or reconstruct mobility patterns, regardless of coordinate perturbation.

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4. Why Both Perturbed and Real Data?

Concern	Anonymized corpus	Benchmark samples
Coordinate privacy	✅ ±100m perturbation prevents bulk harvesting	Public data, no new risk
Fair evaluation	❌ Perturbed coordinates disadvantage general LLMs	✅ Real coordinates enable direct comparison
Reproducibility	✅ Full training pipeline reproducible	✅ Standardized community test set
Training utility	✅ < 0.1% spatial error, topology preserved	Not used for training

This dual-release design maximizes research utility through reproducible training and fair evaluation, while minimizing privacy exposure by applying perturbation only where data scale creates risk.