Buckets:
| """Common operations on Posix pathnames. | |
| Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to | |
| this module as os.path. The "os.path" name is an alias for this | |
| module on Posix systems; on other systems (e.g. Windows), | |
| os.path provides the same operations in a manner specific to that | |
| platform, and is an alias to another module (e.g. ntpath). | |
| Some of this can actually be useful on non-Posix systems too, e.g. | |
| for manipulation of the pathname component of URLs. | |
| """ | |
| # Strings representing various path-related bits and pieces. | |
| # These are primarily for export; internally, they are hardcoded. | |
| # Should be set before imports for resolving cyclic dependency. | |
| curdir = '.' | |
| pardir = '..' | |
| extsep = '.' | |
| sep = '/' | |
| pathsep = ':' | |
| defpath = '/bin:/usr/bin' | |
| altsep = None | |
| devnull = '/dev/null' | |
| import os | |
| import sys | |
| import stat | |
| import genericpath | |
| from genericpath import * | |
| __all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","split","splitext", | |
| "basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime", | |
| "getatime","getctime","islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile", | |
| "ismount", "expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath", | |
| "samefile","sameopenfile","samestat", | |
| "curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep","extsep", | |
| "devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames","relpath", | |
| "commonpath", "ALLOW_MISSING"] | |
| def _get_sep(path): | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| return b'/' | |
| else: | |
| return '/' | |
| # Normalize the case of a pathname. Trivial in Posix, string.lower on Mac. | |
| # On MS-DOS this may also turn slashes into backslashes; however, other | |
| # normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not allowed | |
| # (another function should be defined to do that). | |
| def normcase(s): | |
| """Normalize case of pathname. Has no effect under Posix""" | |
| return os.fspath(s) | |
| # Return whether a path is absolute. | |
| # Trivial in Posix, harder on the Mac or MS-DOS. | |
| def isabs(s): | |
| """Test whether a path is absolute""" | |
| s = os.fspath(s) | |
| sep = _get_sep(s) | |
| return s.startswith(sep) | |
| # Join pathnames. | |
| # Ignore the previous parts if a part is absolute. | |
| # Insert a '/' unless the first part is empty or already ends in '/'. | |
| def join(a, *p): | |
| """Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed. | |
| If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components | |
| will be discarded. An empty last part will result in a path that | |
| ends with a separator.""" | |
| a = os.fspath(a) | |
| sep = _get_sep(a) | |
| path = a | |
| try: | |
| if not p: | |
| path[:0] + sep #23780: Ensure compatible data type even if p is null. | |
| for b in map(os.fspath, p): | |
| if b.startswith(sep): | |
| path = b | |
| elif not path or path.endswith(sep): | |
| path += b | |
| else: | |
| path += sep + b | |
| except (TypeError, AttributeError, BytesWarning): | |
| genericpath._check_arg_types('join', a, *p) | |
| raise | |
| return path | |
| # Split a path in head (everything up to the last '/') and tail (the | |
| # rest). If the path ends in '/', tail will be empty. If there is no | |
| # '/' in the path, head will be empty. | |
| # Trailing '/'es are stripped from head unless it is the root. | |
| def split(p): | |
| """Split a pathname. Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is | |
| everything after the final slash. Either part may be empty.""" | |
| p = os.fspath(p) | |
| sep = _get_sep(p) | |
| i = p.rfind(sep) + 1 | |
| head, tail = p[:i], p[i:] | |
| if head and head != sep*len(head): | |
| head = head.rstrip(sep) | |
| return head, tail | |
| # Split a path in root and extension. | |
| # The extension is everything starting at the last dot in the last | |
| # pathname component; the root is everything before that. | |
| # It is always true that root + ext == p. | |
| def splitext(p): | |
| p = os.fspath(p) | |
| if isinstance(p, bytes): | |
| sep = b'/' | |
| extsep = b'.' | |
| else: | |
| sep = '/' | |
| extsep = '.' | |
| return genericpath._splitext(p, sep, None, extsep) | |
| splitext.__doc__ = genericpath._splitext.__doc__ | |
| # Split a pathname into a drive specification and the rest of the | |
| # path. Useful on DOS/Windows/NT; on Unix, the drive is always empty. | |
| def splitdrive(p): | |
| """Split a pathname into drive and path. On Posix, drive is always | |
| empty.""" | |
| p = os.fspath(p) | |
| return p[:0], p | |
| # Return the tail (basename) part of a path, same as split(path)[1]. | |
| def basename(p): | |
| """Returns the final component of a pathname""" | |
| p = os.fspath(p) | |
| sep = _get_sep(p) | |
| i = p.rfind(sep) + 1 | |
| return p[i:] | |
| # Return the head (dirname) part of a path, same as split(path)[0]. | |
| def dirname(p): | |
| """Returns the directory component of a pathname""" | |
| p = os.fspath(p) | |
| sep = _get_sep(p) | |
| i = p.rfind(sep) + 1 | |
| head = p[:i] | |
| if head and head != sep*len(head): | |
| head = head.rstrip(sep) | |
| return head | |
| # Is a path a symbolic link? | |
| # This will always return false on systems where os.lstat doesn't exist. | |
| def islink(path): | |
| """Test whether a path is a symbolic link""" | |
| try: | |
| st = os.lstat(path) | |
| except (OSError, ValueError, AttributeError): | |
| return False | |
| return stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) | |
| # Being true for dangling symbolic links is also useful. | |
| def lexists(path): | |
| """Test whether a path exists. Returns True for broken symbolic links""" | |
| try: | |
| os.lstat(path) | |
| except (OSError, ValueError): | |
| return False | |
| return True | |
| # Is a path a mount point? | |
| # (Does this work for all UNIXes? Is it even guaranteed to work by Posix?) | |
| def ismount(path): | |
| """Test whether a path is a mount point""" | |
| try: | |
| s1 = os.lstat(path) | |
| except (OSError, ValueError): | |
| # It doesn't exist -- so not a mount point. :-) | |
| return False | |
| else: | |
| # A symlink can never be a mount point | |
| if stat.S_ISLNK(s1.st_mode): | |
| return False | |
| path = os.fspath(path) | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| parent = join(path, b'..') | |
| else: | |
| parent = join(path, '..') | |
| parent = realpath(parent) | |
| try: | |
| s2 = os.lstat(parent) | |
| except (OSError, ValueError): | |
| return False | |
| dev1 = s1.st_dev | |
| dev2 = s2.st_dev | |
| if dev1 != dev2: | |
| return True # path/.. on a different device as path | |
| ino1 = s1.st_ino | |
| ino2 = s2.st_ino | |
| if ino1 == ino2: | |
| return True # path/.. is the same i-node as path | |
| return False | |
| # Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'. | |
| # '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory. | |
| # If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown, | |
| # the path is returned unchanged (leaving error reporting to whatever | |
| # function is called with the expanded path as argument). | |
| # See also module 'glob' for expansion of *, ? and [...] in pathnames. | |
| # (A function should also be defined to do full *sh-style environment | |
| # variable expansion.) | |
| def expanduser(path): | |
| """Expand ~ and ~user constructions. If user or $HOME is unknown, | |
| do nothing.""" | |
| path = os.fspath(path) | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| tilde = b'~' | |
| else: | |
| tilde = '~' | |
| if not path.startswith(tilde): | |
| return path | |
| sep = _get_sep(path) | |
| i = path.find(sep, 1) | |
| if i < 0: | |
| i = len(path) | |
| if i == 1: | |
| if 'HOME' not in os.environ: | |
| import pwd | |
| try: | |
| userhome = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_dir | |
| except KeyError: | |
| # bpo-10496: if the current user identifier doesn't exist in the | |
| # password database, return the path unchanged | |
| return path | |
| else: | |
| userhome = os.environ['HOME'] | |
| else: | |
| import pwd | |
| name = path[1:i] | |
| if isinstance(name, bytes): | |
| name = str(name, 'ASCII') | |
| try: | |
| pwent = pwd.getpwnam(name) | |
| except KeyError: | |
| # bpo-10496: if the user name from the path doesn't exist in the | |
| # password database, return the path unchanged | |
| return path | |
| userhome = pwent.pw_dir | |
| # if no user home, return the path unchanged on VxWorks | |
| if userhome is None and sys.platform == "vxworks": | |
| return path | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| userhome = os.fsencode(userhome) | |
| root = b'/' | |
| else: | |
| root = '/' | |
| userhome = userhome.rstrip(root) | |
| return (userhome + path[i:]) or root | |
| # Expand paths containing shell variable substitutions. | |
| # This expands the forms $variable and ${variable} only. | |
| # Non-existent variables are left unchanged. | |
| _varprog = None | |
| _varprogb = None | |
| def expandvars(path): | |
| """Expand shell variables of form $var and ${var}. Unknown variables | |
| are left unchanged.""" | |
| path = os.fspath(path) | |
| global _varprog, _varprogb | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| if b'$' not in path: | |
| return path | |
| if not _varprogb: | |
| import re | |
| _varprogb = re.compile(br'\$(\w+|\{[^}]*\})', re.ASCII) | |
| search = _varprogb.search | |
| start = b'{' | |
| end = b'}' | |
| environ = getattr(os, 'environb', None) | |
| else: | |
| if '$' not in path: | |
| return path | |
| if not _varprog: | |
| import re | |
| _varprog = re.compile(r'\$(\w+|\{[^}]*\})', re.ASCII) | |
| search = _varprog.search | |
| start = '{' | |
| end = '}' | |
| environ = os.environ | |
| i = 0 | |
| while True: | |
| m = search(path, i) | |
| if not m: | |
| break | |
| i, j = m.span(0) | |
| name = m.group(1) | |
| if name.startswith(start) and name.endswith(end): | |
| name = name[1:-1] | |
| try: | |
| if environ is None: | |
| value = os.fsencode(os.environ[os.fsdecode(name)]) | |
| else: | |
| value = environ[name] | |
| except KeyError: | |
| i = j | |
| else: | |
| tail = path[j:] | |
| path = path[:i] + value | |
| i = len(path) | |
| path += tail | |
| return path | |
| # Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A/B. | |
| # It should be understood that this may change the meaning of the path | |
| # if it contains symbolic links! | |
| def normpath(path): | |
| """Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc.""" | |
| path = os.fspath(path) | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| sep = b'/' | |
| empty = b'' | |
| dot = b'.' | |
| dotdot = b'..' | |
| else: | |
| sep = '/' | |
| empty = '' | |
| dot = '.' | |
| dotdot = '..' | |
| if path == empty: | |
| return dot | |
| initial_slashes = path.startswith(sep) | |
| # POSIX allows one or two initial slashes, but treats three or more | |
| # as single slash. | |
| # (see https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap04.html#tag_04_13) | |
| if (initial_slashes and | |
| path.startswith(sep*2) and not path.startswith(sep*3)): | |
| initial_slashes = 2 | |
| comps = path.split(sep) | |
| new_comps = [] | |
| for comp in comps: | |
| if comp in (empty, dot): | |
| continue | |
| if (comp != dotdot or (not initial_slashes and not new_comps) or | |
| (new_comps and new_comps[-1] == dotdot)): | |
| new_comps.append(comp) | |
| elif new_comps: | |
| new_comps.pop() | |
| comps = new_comps | |
| path = sep.join(comps) | |
| if initial_slashes: | |
| path = sep*initial_slashes + path | |
| return path or dot | |
| def abspath(path): | |
| """Return an absolute path.""" | |
| path = os.fspath(path) | |
| if not isabs(path): | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| cwd = os.getcwdb() | |
| else: | |
| cwd = os.getcwd() | |
| path = join(cwd, path) | |
| return normpath(path) | |
| # Return a canonical path (i.e. the absolute location of a file on the | |
| # filesystem). | |
| def realpath(filename, *, strict=False): | |
| """Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any | |
| symbolic links encountered in the path.""" | |
| filename = os.fspath(filename) | |
| path, ok = _joinrealpath(filename[:0], filename, strict, {}) | |
| return abspath(path) | |
| # Join two paths, normalizing and eliminating any symbolic links | |
| # encountered in the second path. | |
| def _joinrealpath(path, rest, strict, seen): | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| sep = b'/' | |
| curdir = b'.' | |
| pardir = b'..' | |
| else: | |
| sep = '/' | |
| curdir = '.' | |
| pardir = '..' | |
| getcwd = os.getcwd | |
| if strict is ALLOW_MISSING: | |
| ignored_error = FileNotFoundError | |
| elif strict: | |
| ignored_error = () | |
| else: | |
| ignored_error = OSError | |
| maxlinks = None | |
| if isabs(rest): | |
| rest = rest[1:] | |
| path = sep | |
| while rest: | |
| name, _, rest = rest.partition(sep) | |
| if not name or name == curdir: | |
| # current dir | |
| continue | |
| if name == pardir: | |
| # parent dir | |
| if path: | |
| path, name = split(path) | |
| if name == pardir: | |
| path = join(path, pardir, pardir) | |
| else: | |
| path = pardir | |
| continue | |
| newpath = join(path, name) | |
| try: | |
| st = os.lstat(newpath) | |
| except ignored_error: | |
| is_link = False | |
| else: | |
| is_link = stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) | |
| if not is_link: | |
| path = newpath | |
| continue | |
| # Resolve the symbolic link | |
| if newpath in seen: | |
| # Already seen this path | |
| path = seen[newpath] | |
| if path is not None: | |
| # use cached value | |
| continue | |
| # The symlink is not resolved, so we must have a symlink loop. | |
| if strict: | |
| # Raise OSError(errno.ELOOP) | |
| os.stat(newpath) | |
| else: | |
| # Return already resolved part + rest of the path unchanged. | |
| return join(newpath, rest), False | |
| seen[newpath] = None # not resolved symlink | |
| path, ok = _joinrealpath(path, os.readlink(newpath), strict, seen) | |
| if not ok: | |
| return join(path, rest), False | |
| seen[newpath] = path # resolved symlink | |
| return path, True | |
| supports_unicode_filenames = (sys.platform == 'darwin') | |
| def relpath(path, start=None): | |
| """Return a relative version of a path""" | |
| if not path: | |
| raise ValueError("no path specified") | |
| path = os.fspath(path) | |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): | |
| curdir = b'.' | |
| sep = b'/' | |
| pardir = b'..' | |
| else: | |
| curdir = '.' | |
| sep = '/' | |
| pardir = '..' | |
| if start is None: | |
| start = curdir | |
| else: | |
| start = os.fspath(start) | |
| try: | |
| start_list = [x for x in abspath(start).split(sep) if x] | |
| path_list = [x for x in abspath(path).split(sep) if x] | |
| # Work out how much of the filepath is shared by start and path. | |
| i = len(commonprefix([start_list, path_list])) | |
| rel_list = [pardir] * (len(start_list)-i) + path_list[i:] | |
| if not rel_list: | |
| return curdir | |
| return join(*rel_list) | |
| except (TypeError, AttributeError, BytesWarning, DeprecationWarning): | |
| genericpath._check_arg_types('relpath', path, start) | |
| raise | |
| # Return the longest common sub-path of the sequence of paths given as input. | |
| # The paths are not normalized before comparing them (this is the | |
| # responsibility of the caller). Any trailing separator is stripped from the | |
| # returned path. | |
| def commonpath(paths): | |
| """Given a sequence of path names, returns the longest common sub-path.""" | |
| if not paths: | |
| raise ValueError('commonpath() arg is an empty sequence') | |
| paths = tuple(map(os.fspath, paths)) | |
| if isinstance(paths[0], bytes): | |
| sep = b'/' | |
| curdir = b'.' | |
| else: | |
| sep = '/' | |
| curdir = '.' | |
| try: | |
| split_paths = [path.split(sep) for path in paths] | |
| try: | |
| isabs, = set(p[:1] == sep for p in paths) | |
| except ValueError: | |
| raise ValueError("Can't mix absolute and relative paths") from None | |
| split_paths = [[c for c in s if c and c != curdir] for s in split_paths] | |
| s1 = min(split_paths) | |
| s2 = max(split_paths) | |
| common = s1 | |
| for i, c in enumerate(s1): | |
| if c != s2[i]: | |
| common = s1[:i] | |
| break | |
| prefix = sep if isabs else sep[:0] | |
| return prefix + sep.join(common) | |
| except (TypeError, AttributeError): | |
| genericpath._check_arg_types('commonpath', *paths) | |
| raise | |
Xet Storage Details
- Size:
- 16.4 kB
- Xet hash:
- 46dbcd009651435911ac700d7a327c4fbddda83faaf2b8035ad37ae6bc8019de
·
Xet efficiently stores files, intelligently splitting them into unique chunks and accelerating uploads and downloads. More info.